His Word Today

⁷ “Command these things as well, so that they may be without reproach. “(1 Timothy 5:7 (ESV)

The Apostle Paul’s instructions to Timothy concerning the church’s treatment of true widows were not merely suggestions. They were, and remain, biblical commands. In fact, the word command (παράγγελλε; parangelee) is a present, active, imperative or command. It is an order. The command regarding ministry to true widows is as binding as any other commandment found in this particular epistle along with the rest of Scripture.  

“Because the Christian community still struggles with sin, there will always be those who seek help from the church even if they are not truly in need. Paul would have known how carefully the synagogues of his day had to guard their community purse lest first-century swindlers take away resources from those who truly had nothing. This reality colors Paul’s outlook and helps to explain why he says some of the things that he does in 1 Timothy 5:3–16,” explains Dr. R. C. Sproul.

Dr. William Hendriksen writes, “Strikingly beautiful is what Scripture teaches with respect to widows:

(1) God is “a father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows” (Ps. 68:5).

They are under his special care and protection (Ex. 22:23; Deut. 10:18; Prov. 15:25; Ps. 146:9).

(2) By means of the tithe and “the forgotten sheaf” he provides for them (Deut. 14:29; 24:19–21; 26:12, 13). At the feasts which he has instituted, they too should rejoice (Deut. 16:11, 14).

(3) He blesses those who help and honor them (Is. 1:17, 18; Jer. 7:6; 22:3, 4).

(4) He rebukes and punishes those who hurt them (Ex. 22:22; Deut. 24:17; 27:19; Zech. 7:10; Job 24:3, 21; 31:16; Ps. 94:6; Mal. 3:5).

(5) They are the objects of Christ’s tender compassion, as is clear from the Gospels, especially from the Gospel according to Luke (Mark 12:42, 43; Luke 7:11–17; 18:3, 5; 20:47; 21:2, 3).

(6) In the early church they were not forgotten. It was the neglect of certain widows which led to the appointment of the first deacons, so that in the future widows might receive better care (Acts 6:1–6). And according to James, one of the manifestations of a religion that is pure and undefiled is this: “to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction” (James 1:27).^[1]

Obeying the biblical guidelines the Apostle Paul previously set forth concerning widows (I Tim. 5:3-6), enables the church to also protect women who are not truly widows. These qualifications seek to keep unqualified women, and the church, from reproach. The word reproach (ἀνεπίλημπτοι; anepilemptoi) means to be above criticism.

“Timothy is to urge obedience not only to the things referred to in 1 Tim. 4:11 (“Command these things and teach them”) but also to the things which Paul has just now been saying. Surely, the most natural view is that the expression “these things” refers to the entire paragraph (verses 3–6). Timothy must see to it that the church honors really dependent and deserving widows (verses 3 and 5); that children and grandchildren do their duty to their parents (verse 4); and that everyone knows how to distinguish between the widow who should be honored and the widow who should not be honored (implied in verses 5 and 6).

If all the interested persons obey these commands, they will be above reproach both from the side of the world and from the side of the church.”^[2]

Dr. Sproul concludes by writing, “One of the good and necessary consequences that we can draw from 1 Timothy 5:3–16 is that the church is not required to support financially those widows who are able for whatever reason to support themselves. However, the church is called to remember these women, especially if they have no relatives, and show them the love of Christ through friendship. Is there a lonely widow or widower in your church that you can visit this week?”

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!  

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^[1] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 167–168.

^[2] Ibid., 170.

⁵”She who is truly a widow, left all alone, has set her hope on God and continues in supplications and prayers night and day, ⁶ but she who is self-indulgent is dead even while she lives.” (1 Timothy 5:5–6 (ESV)

In addressing the subject of widows in the church, and financially providing for their needs, how are church leaders and pastors to discern who are truly widows in the biblical context of I Timothy 5? The answer to this question begins in today’s featured biblical text.

Without hesitation, the Apostle Paul said to Timothy, “She who is truly a widow…”  The word truly (ὄντως; ontos) means really and certainly. Paul wanted Timothy to know without a shadow of doubt who the church should financially support. It could not be women who claimed to be widows, but those who were in fact really widows according to the biblical requirements. What were, and are, the biblical requirements for a church to financially support a widow? There were both positive and negative considerations.  

First, she is left all alone (μεμονωμένη; memonomene). This is a perfect, passive singular participle. To be alone means to be without a family or relatives. Whatever the reason for her aloneness, the widow under consideration for the church’s financial assistance is all by herself. She has no parents, no husband, no children, grandchildren, aunts, uncles or cousins. It is a situation unlikely to change in the present or in the future.

“The care of widows, who frequently had great material needs, is a major theme in the OT (Deut. 24:19-21; Isaiah 1:17; Jer. 22:1-3; Zech. 7:9-10; Mal. 3:1-5) and a special concern of the early church (Acts 6:1; James 1:27). Paul’s designation (‘truly widows’) means that not every widow is eligible for the church’s material benevolences. Women whose husband’s had died, but who had children or other family members to provide for them, were not ‘truly widows’ by Paul’s criteria (vv.  4, 8, 16), but only those left all alone,” explains Dr. R. C. Sproul.

Second, a true widow was not only a woman who was left all alone, but also who had set her hope on God (ἤλπικεν θεὸν; elpiken theon). In her past, the widow under consideration actively placed her confident expectation in the One, True God of heaven and earth. The hope she placed in the Lord during her past circumstances continued in her present circumstances. In other words, she wasn’t looking for a handout from the church because she placed all her confidence in the Lord to meet all her needs. On that basis, the church leadership had great confidence in financially assisting her. They knew she would not take advantage of the church’s generosity. The church leadership viewed her as a sound investment.

Thirdly, a widow under consideration for the church’s financial assistance is one who “continues in supplications and prayers night and day,” She is a prayer warrior.

This description reminds me of our pastor’s grandmother. My wife and I lived and took care of her at the beginning our marriage. I took care of the lawn and snow while my wife cooked meals and cleaned the house. While hampered by failing health, Alice was a fervent prayer warrior. She was a wonderful example for a young couple beginning their married life.

Dr. William Hendriksen writes, “There is here a play upon words, for in the original the word widow means the one bereaved, deprived (of her husband; hence, often without means of support). Hence, what the apostle is saying amounts to this, “As deprived ones, honor those (who are) really deprived” (or “As destitute, honor those who are really destitute”). If certain etymologists are correct (not all agree), then we could have a similar play of words in English, for the word “widow” = Latin vidua, is by them linked with such words as void and devoid. Hence, one might say, “As viduae (widows), honor those who are really devoid (of means of support).”^[1]  

“Gainful employment for widows was scarce. Besides, some widows were too old to provide for themselves. Hence, those who had no other means of support must be provided for by the church.”^[2]

However, Paul provides one more stipulation. A true widow is not a woman who is self-indulgent (σπαταλῶσα; spatalosa). This refers to a woman who is continuously, actively, and personally lewd and given to riotous living. She lives a life of wanton pleasure. By living physically in such a manner, she gives evidence she is dead spiritually.

These criteria provide the church with clear direction in assisting those who are truly widows. May we who serve as leaders in the church be sure to follow these directives.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 168.

^[2] Ibid., 168.

³ “Honor widows who are truly widows. ⁴ But if a widow has children or grandchildren, let them first learn to show godliness to their own household and to make some return to their parents, for this is pleasing in the sight of God.” (1 Timothy 5:3–4 (ESV)

The Apostle Paul turned his attention to three specific people groups in the Ephesian Church where there were problems and concerns. These concerns involved widows, elders, and slaves.

Paul stated, “Honor widows who are truly widows.”  The word honor (τίμα; tima) is a present, active, imperative verb. It means to consistently, actively and obediently give assistance to and provide for the needs of widows. A widow (Χήρας; cheras) is a woman whose husband has died. However, the apostle stipulated the widow in question is truly (ὄντως; onmtos), certainly and really a woman whose husband is deceased.

“The apostle begins his discussion in 1 Timothy 5:3–4 by calling the church to make sure that it cares for women truly in need of help. When Paul tells Timothy to “honor widows who are truly widows,” he is not speaking primarily of an attitude but of an action. That is to say, to honor widows is to support them financially just as honoring elders means paying them a stipend or salary for their work (vv. 17–18). But the church is not to expend its limited resources on every woman who has lost her husband; rather, the Christian community is to help only those who are both alone and destitute, having no family members such as children and grandchildren upon whom to rely,” explains Dr. R.C. Sproul.

The cause for widows and orphans was not just relegated to Deuteronomy and I Timothy. In the church’s infancy, ecclesiastically and canonically, the Lord placed great importance on the church caring for those who could not care for themselves.

Acts 6:1–6 (ESV) says, “Now in these days when the disciples were increasing in number, a complaint by the Hellenists arose against the Hebrews because their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution. ² And the twelve summoned the full number of the disciples and said, “It is not right that we should give up preaching the word of God to serve tables. ³ Therefore, brothers, pick out from among you seven men of good repute, full of the Spirit and of wisdom, whom we will appoint to this duty. ⁴ But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” ⁵ And what they said pleased the whole gathering, and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolaus, a proselyte of Antioch. ⁶ These they set before the apostles, and they prayed and laid their hands on them.”

James 1:26–27 (ESV) says, “²⁶ If anyone thinks he is religious and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, this person’s religion is worthless. ²⁷ Religion that is pure and undefiled before God the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world.”

Whether it was in the infancy of the early church, or in the infancy of the New Testament Canon of Scripture, the Lord placed great importance on the church caring for those who could not care for themselves.

However, Paul provided some wise caution and counsel to Timothy regarding the church discerning and meeting true needs by those who were truly in need. One was whether a widow without any financial means of support had an immediate and/or an extended family. If so, they were to provide care for the widow or widower in question. For children and others to provide for the widow in question was pleasing to the Lord.

“Adult children or other close relatives were expected to care for destitute widows, who had no opportunity to earn wages in ancient society. It was believed that one owed this care to one’s parents for their support during youth; Paul agrees. Judaism even understood this support as part of the commandment to honor one’s parents (see Mk 7:9–13).”^[1]

“Under Roman law, a father could discard a newborn child; the child was not regarded as a person and member of the household until the father agreed to raise and support the child. This way of thinking no doubt contributed to children’s recognition of responsibility to parents. Early Jews and Christians, however, unanimously opposed abortion, infanticide and throwing out babies, seeing personhood as a gift of God, not of parents. Caring for aged parents was a matter not only of custom but of law, and was common even in Western society until recent times.”^[2]

Paul is concerned first about widows with no means of support. At a time when there was no welfare state the alleviation of poverty was a real problem and Paul recognized that the Christians had a responsibility in this. But if a widow had a family to support her it would clearly have been wrong for the church to intervene. Indeed, family support is pleasing to God. Social responsibility is seen as a religious requirement. The teaching here is in line with the fifth commandment, requiring the honouring of parents.”^[3]

Are you providing for a widowed parent in your family? Does your church provide honor for those widows within the church without a family? May each of us evaluate what we can do and how may do it to minister to these who can be so easily overlooked. Remember, we are not getting any younger. Think about it.

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 1 Ti 5:4.

^[2] Ibid., 1 Ti 5:4.

^[3] Donald Guthrie, “1 Timothy,” in New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition, ed. D. A. Carson et al., 4th ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994), 1301.

“Honor widows who are truly widows.” (1 Timothy 5:3 (ESV)

The Apostle Paul turned his attention to three specific people groups in the Ephesian Church where there were problems and concerns. These concerns involved widows, elders, and slaves.

Pastors face many joys and sorrows, opportunities and challenges in ministry. One such situation involving all four of these distinctives is when a married couple experiences the death of their spouse. It matters very little whether the death is sudden and unexpected or when it follows and concludes an extended illness. A wife’s or husband’s death is a pain and grief which never really goes sway.

In the immediate aftermath of the loved one’s death, there is often an outpouring of care, concern, practical expressions of love and attention. However, when the memorial or funeral service is concluded, people return to their normal lives and living; all except the widow or widower.

The surviving spouse begins to experience a new normal. They may face financial questions and responsibilities they never had to before because their spouse handled the finances. Cleaning the house, washing clothes, having the automobile serviced, using coupons when buying groceries, eating alone, sleeping alone, mowing the lawn, shoveling snow, and even using a plunger to clear a stopped-up drain are tasks that become the interrelated parts of the cumulative reality of living alone.  

“Deuteronomy 24:19–21 is one of several passages to which we can turn to discover how the old covenant people of God were to care for the most vulnerable persons in society. Widows, orphans (the fatherless), and sojourners in ancient times were often in danger of going hungry because they lacked resources such as land that male heads of household alone could usually provide. Knowing that such impoverished people were in their midst, the Israelites were not to pick their olive trees, wheat fields, and vineyards clean but leave some of their grain and fruit behind for those who had nothing. The poor could go into the fields and work after the harvest, collecting food to feed themselves,” explains Dr. R. C. Sproul.

“The Lord orders the new covenant church to act much the same way in its relation to widows. Paul in today’s passage moves on to the treatment of widows after discussing how Timothy and other church leaders are to deal with the varying ages and sexes represented in the Christian community (1 Tim. 5:1–2). His focus on widows in 1 Timothy 5:3–16 is likely due in part to some of the problems the Ephesian church faces with respect to its younger widows, and the biblical concern for widows and orphans (James 1:27) certainly moves him to lay down this instruction as well.”

Paul stated, “Honor widows who are truly widows.”  The word honor (τίμα; tima) is a present, active, imperative verb. It means to consistently, actively and obediently give assistance to and provide for the needs of widows. A widow (Χήρας; cheras) is a woman whose husband has died. However, the apostle stipulated the widow in question is truly (ὄντως; onmtos), certainly and really a woman whose husband is deceased.

“The apostle begins his discussion in 1 Timothy 5:3–4 by calling the church to make sure that it cares for women truly in need of help. When Paul tells Timothy to “honor widows who are truly widows,” he is not speaking primarily of an attitude but of an action. That is to say, to honor widows is to support them financially just as honoring elders means paying them a stipend or salary for their work (vv. 17–18). But the church is not to expend its limited resources on every woman who has lost her husband; rather, the Christian community is to help only those who are both alone and destitute, having no family members such as children and grandchildren upon whom to rely,” concludes Dr. Sproul.

Dr. John MacArthur writes, “Not all widows are truly alone and without resources. Financial support from the church is mandatory only for widows who have no means to provide for their daily needs”

One commentator offers these practical considerations. “Only those with no other recourse are to receive financial assistance from the church, not those who cannot afford food because they refuse to give up cable television, Internet service, lavish living, and other discretionary expenses. If you need the church’s financial assistance, make sure that you have exhausted all other possible avenues of support before you ask for aid. If you are not in need, endeavor to support the poor with wisdom.”

More to follow. May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

¹⁴ But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you will be blessed. Have no fear of them, nor be troubled, ¹⁵ but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect,” (1 Peter 3:14–15 (ESV)

Not only is there evidence for God’s existence from biblical revelation but there are also the philosophical arguments supporting the concept of God’s existence. Admittedly, these arguments may not convince those antagonistic to the Christian faith of its validity. However, they do provide a thought-provoking response to those who contend that Christianity does not contain any assemblage of reasoning or logical thought. 

What then are the philosophical arguments for God’s existence? They include the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, the teleological argument, the moral argument, the anthropological argument, the religious experience argument and the argument from the existence of miracles: most notably Jesus Christ’s resurrection from the dead.

The Ontological Argument is an argument that attempts to prove the existence of God through abstract reasoning alone. The argument begins with an explanation of the concept of God. Part of what we mean when we speak of “God” is a “perfect being.” That is what the word “God” means. The reasoning is that a God that exists, of course, is better than a God that doesn’t.

Additionally, to speak of God as a perfect being is therefore to imply that He exists. Where does the idea of “God” originate? There is a sense of man’s need to worship something, or someone, greater than himself. Man, in whatever culture he exists, is inwardly driven to honor and praise an object: even it that object is himself.

If God’s perfection is a part of the concept of God, and if God’s perfection implies God’s existence, then God’s existence is implied by the very idea of God. When we speak of “God” we cannot but speak of a being that exists.

To say that God does not exist is to contradict ourselves; it is literally to speak nonsense. The argument is saying that the very idea of God, and the corresponding idea that God does not exist, implies that He does indeed exist. Otherwise, if God did not exist we would never think of the concept of God. Since we do think of the concept of God, even in a person’s denial, this implies God’s very existence.

The Bible gives credibility to the ontological argument. 

For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things. (Romans 1:18-23, ESV)

God has revealed himself and his existence to every human being. This awareness is not only within the visible creation, but also within each and every individual. This awareness extends to possessing a concept of God’s invisible attributes, His eternal power and His divine nature. Therefore, man is without excuse in saying there is no God and denying he knew God’s existence.

The Modal Cosmological Argument, the argument from contingency, suggests that because the universe might not have existed (i.e. is contingent), we need some explanation of why it does. This is the argument of cause and effect.

Wherever there are cause and effect possibilities, this suggests something must determine not only the reality of the effect, but also offer an explanation for the cause of said effect. Since the universe is conditional to some cause for its existence, and since there must be some reason for its existence, there must be a corresponding cause which give the universe a reason to exist.

The only kind of being whose existence requires no cause is a necessary being, a being that could not have failed to exist. The ultimate cause of everything existing in the universe must therefore be a necessary being: God. God is the only uncaused cause. The Bible sets forth this doctrine.

• Psalm 89:11 – The heavens are yours; the earth also is yours; the world and all that is in it, you have founded them (Psalm 89:11, ESV).
• Psalm 90:1-2 – Lord, you have been our dwelling place in all generations. Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God (Psalm 90:1-2, ESV).
• Psalm 104:5-9 – He set the earth on its foundations, so that it should never be moved. You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters stood above the mountains. At your rebuke they fled; at the sound of your thunder they took to flight. The mountains rose, the valleys sank down to the place that you appointed for them. You set a boundary that they may not pass, so that they might not again cover the earth (Psalm 104:5-9, ESV).
• Acts 17:22-24 – So Paul, standing in the midst of the Areopagus, said: “Men of Athens, I perceive that in every way you are very religious. For as I passed along and observed the objects of your worship, I found also an altar with this inscription, ‘To the unknown god.’ What therefore you worship as unknown, this I proclaim to you. The God who made the world and everything in it, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by man (Acts 17:22-24 ESV).
• Hebrews 11:1-3 – Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. For by it the people of old received their commendation. By faith we understand that the universe was created by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out of things that are visible (Hebrews 11:1-3, ESV).

Take the opportunity today to look at the all the effects around you. Creation itself evidences the reasonableness of a preceding cause. The preceding cause is none other than God.

Soli deo Gloria!

“¹Do not rebuke an older man but encourage him as you would a father, younger men as brothers, ² older women as mothers, younger women as sisters, in all purity.” (1 Timothy 5:1–2 (ESV)

The following devotional is excerpted from the July 20, 2009 issue of TableTalk Magazine. It is entitled Encouraging Young and Old.  

To this point Paul has been laying the theological foundation of healthy church leadership, exhorting Timothy to devote himself to the gospel, the only message that saves (1:1–2:7; 3:14–16). This groundwork includes the requirements for elders and deacons and the reasons for limiting eldership, if not also the diaconate, to men (2:8–3:13). Paul has also explained the goodness of the created order against those who deny it (4:1–5).

Building on this framework, the apostle has also begun to give specific instructions for the conduct of ministry (vv. 6–16), and in today’s passage he continues to do so in directing young Timothy in how to deal with the older men in his congregation. Paul’s earlier letter to the Ephesians insists that believers obey the commandment to honor one’s parents (Eph. 6:1–3; see Ex. 20:12). He likely has this rule in mind as he guides Timothy in dealing with the senior men as Ephesus’ current pastor. Timothy needs to correct many of the elders (1 Tim. 1:3–4), but he must take into account their age as he addresses them (5:1). Paul is not absolutely forbidding hard words for older men if needed. “He does not wish old men to be spared or indulged in such a manner as to sin with impunity and without correction; he only wishes that some respect should be paid to their age, that they may more patiently bear to be admonished” (John Calvin).

Young men are tempted to think that their generation has all the answers and thereby deal inappropriately with older people. But the point here is that the younger pastor, if he is in the right, must not forget the deference and respect he owes his elders in such situations (Lev. 19:32). Unless the problems of character or doctrine are especially grievous, Timothy’s approach is to be one of gentle persuasion.

Timothy must love older men as fathers, seeking their restoration, not humiliation. Leo the Great, the fifth-century Roman bishop whose letter to the Council of Chalcedon helped to define orthodox Christology, wisely notes that “correction should be applied so as not to destroy charity” (ACCNT, vol. 9, p. 196).

As he discusses relationships within the church family, Paul also guides the covenant community in its treatment of younger men. The apostle tells pastors, and by extension all Christians, to regard younger men as brothers (1 Tim. 5:1). Much can be said about what this involves, but surely the brotherly examples in Scripture give us both negative and positive patterns to follow.

From Joseph’s life, for example, we can see that to treat men as brothers means that we not envy those who appear to be more gifted than we are (Gen. 37:4, 12–36). Joseph himself also shows us that to treat men as brothers entails us forgiving them when they repent and seeking their welfare even if they have hurt us (chap. 45).

Older women in the church, the apostle informs us, are to be regarded as mothers (1 Tim. 5:2). Certainly, this means that we esteem them and submit to them when appropriate in accordance with the commandment to honor our mothers (Deut. 5:16). Avoiding foolishness lest we shame the older women in our congregation is also important (Prov. 10:1). Ruth’s example shows us that we must care for our mothers in the faith when no one else will (Ruth 1:15–18), as Paul highlights in his treatment of widows in 1 Timothy 5:3–16.

Finally, all men are to regard the younger Christian women as sisters “in all purity” (v. 2). What the apostle demands here, John Calvin says, is “a chaste gravity, which shall shine throughout all their [interactions] and conversations; so that he may more freely converse with young persons, without any unfavorable reports.” Paul wisely counsels young Timothy to take care in how he relates to young women lest he open himself up to sexual temptation, whether from the women or his own lusts.

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

“¹Do not rebuke an older man but encourage him as you would a father, younger men as brothers, ² older women as mothers, younger women as sisters, in all purity.” (1 Timothy 5:1–2 (ESV)

The first two verses of I Timothy 5 conclude the Apostle Paul’s admonitions to his young protégé Timothy concerning his personal pastoral ministry. Beginning in I Timothy 5:3-6:2, Paul provided Timothy instructions regarding pastoring specific people groups within the church.

Dr. William Hendriksen writes, “Up to this point Paul has imparted counsel with respect to matters most of which touched the entire Christian community which had its center in Ephesus. He has stated the reason why Timothy had been left in Ephesus (chapter 1), has given directions for the conduct of both men and women in connection with public worship (chapter 2), has stipulated the qualifications of elders and deacons (chapter 3), and has pointed out the path which Timothy (and the presbyters under his supervision) must tread in order to cope with apostasy and to grow in efficiency as minister(s) of Christ (chapter 4).”^[1]

“To a large extent—but with important personal digressions—all this was quite general. Now the apostle begins to direct his attention more especially to individuals and groups within the Christian community. It must be borne in mind, however, that this is a genuine letter, and that the divisions are never rigid. Thoughts continually overlap. Ideas once stated return in slightly altered form. The Outline covers the contents and marks the divisions in general.”^[2]

Paul referred to four particular people groups in today’s featured text. They were designated as older men, younger men, older women and younger women in the context of Timothy’s age. How was this young pastor to shepherd these four groups of people? How was he to build a trusting relationship with them as their pastor? Paul provided a simple and significant answer. Often, the simple things in life, and simple statements, are the most important and memorable. Paul wrote to Timothy to not rebuke people but rather to encourage.

The word rebuke (ἐπιπλήξῃς; epiplexes) means to verbally strike someone. It is a strong spoken disapproval as a form of punishment. It also means to chide and chastise someone with words. While Paul did not command Timothy agaisnt rebuking people, he strongly encouraged him not to do so.

To encourage (παρακάλει; parakalei) is a present active imperative verb. Paul commanded his protégé to continuously, actively and obediently exhort, urge and plead with those in his congregation to pursue holiness and godliness (I Tim. 4:6-16).  

Timothy was to treat the older men in the congregation as he would a father. He was to treat younger men as brothers, older women as his own mother and younger women like sisters. Timothy was to behave in all kinds of purity with all these people groups.

Purity (ἁγνείᾳ; hagneia) is to be without moral defect. “In a number of languages, the meaning of ἁγνεία and ἁγνότης is expressed idiomatically, for example, ‘to have a clean heart,’ ‘to not have other thoughts,’ or ‘to not cover up one’s real desires.’^[3]

“A general principle is here set out which applies to people of different ages. Timothy is to treat other people as he would members of his own family. This principle excludes the idea of superiority and promotes a more natural approach. The verb rebuke used here is a strong one implying censure, and this is to be avoided with older men. Paul adds a caution about the younger women, where the maintenance of purity in relationships is essential.”^[4]

“Now it should be emphasized that also here Paul maintains beautiful balance. On the one hand, he does not want Timothy to spare the older people, permitting them to “get away” with their sins. On the other hand, he desires that they be treated with due respect, For, after all, the Christian community is a family, the most glorious family of all (Matt. 12:49, 50); and it does indeed consist of fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters … in the Lord! Hence, old(er) men must be treated as fathers, that is, with respect; young(er) men as brothers, that is, in the spirit of equality, an equality of persons, which does not exclude the exercise of authority on the part of him who administers the admonition,” explains Dr. Hendriksen.^[5]

“To correct one’s own mother surely requires deep humility, genuine searching of heart, wrestling at the throne of grace, wisdom! It is in that spirit that Timothy must proceed when he feels duty-bound to admonish old(er) women who have erred. Young(er) women, too, are the objects of pastoral care. They should be admonished as sisters; hence, in all purity. When one seeks to help his sister to overcome a certain blemish of character, impurity (at least in the more popular sense of the word) is completely absent. Let Timothy treat the young ladies and the young married ladies who are under his spiritual care in that same fashion, just as if they were his own sisters, for they really are … in the Lord.”^[6]

Believers in Christ belong to the family of God. May each of us treat each other with respect and encouragement as befitting a loving family. .

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 165.

^[2] Ibid., 165.

^[3] Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 745.

^[4] Donald Guthrie, “1 Timothy,” in New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition, ed. D. A. Carson et al., 4th ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994), 1301.

^[5] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 166.

^[6] Ibid., 166.

“Keep a close watch on yourself and on the teaching. Persist in this, for by so doing you will save both yourself and your hearers.” (1 Timothy 4:16 (ESV)

What was appropriate for Timothy to receive from the Apostle Paul, contained in today’s text, is also good for all individuals in the ministry to never forget. Recently, several nationally known and local pastors where I live have fallen because of a moral failure. However, arrogance and an attitude which says “It will never happen to me” puts any individual at risk. 1 Corinthians 10:12 (ESV) says, “Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall.”

Pastors and other leaders must always remember these three commands and two promises Paul gave to his young protégé. Let’s examine each command and promise.  

First Command: “Keep a close watch on yourself.” The phrase keep a close watch is actually one word in Greek language. It is the word (ἔπεχε; epeche) meaning to pay attention and to be on the lookout. It is a present, active, imperative verb. The object of such attention is the individual in question. The noun yourself (σεαυτῷ; seauto) in the immediate context referred to Timothy. Today, it refers to all believers in Christ, especially those in ministry. Believers in Christ are to keep a close watch on how they live.

Second Command: “Keep a close watch…on the teaching.” Teaching (διδασκαλίᾳ; didaskalia) refers to the instruction from and of biblical doctrine. Each minister is to pay attention to and be on the lookout for accuracy in teaching (See James 3:1). The reasons for such a command are found in I Timothy 4:1-14. Godly Living and faithful teaching go hand in hand.

Third Command: “Persist in this.” The words persist in this (ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς; epimene autois) is also a present, active, imperative verb. To persist means to remain and to continue. It refers the reader back to the preceding two commands. We are to persist in godly living and faithful teaching.

Dr. William Hendriksen explains, “Holy living and sound teaching must go together if Timothy (or, for that matter, any apostolic representative, any minister, any elder, etc.) is to be a blessing. Hence, Paul admonishes Timothy to continue to focus (his mind, understood) on himself, that is, on his own duties, his own gift, his own privilege to go to the depths of God’s promise; particularly also upon the teaching (his own and that of others in the Ephesus district). He must stay on or persevere in them, that is, in holy living and in vigilance with respect to teaching.”^[1]

First Promise: “By so doing you will save both yourself.” By doing so (ποιῶν; poion) means to presently and actively perform and practice these three previous commands. If Timothy would do this, Paul said to him you will save (σώσεις; soseis) or rescue both himself and others. This is not salvation from the penalty of sin, because it is always by grace alone, through faith alone, in the person and work of Jesus Christ alone. In other words, justification, redemption and reconciliation. What Paul was speaking of was sanctification and delivering himself from the power of sin in the active pursuit of holiness.

Second Promise: “By so doing you will save…your hearers.” Paul also promised Timothy would rescue his hearers (ἀκούοντάς; akouontas) meaning the congregation of believers in Ephesus.

“The promise is: “for by doing this you will save both yourself and those who hear you.” To be sure, a man is saved by grace, through faith; not by works (Titus 3:3; cf. Eph. 2:6–8); yet, since holy living and sound teaching are a fruit of faith, Paul is able to say that “by doing this” Timothy will save himself and his hearers. It is along the path of holy living and diligence in teaching and in watching over the life and teaching of others, that salvation (both present and future; see on 1 Tim. 1:15) is obtained. Besides, God promises a special reward to his faithful ministers, yes, to all his faithful witnesses (Dan. 12:3; Matt. 13:43; James 5:20); and threatens with severe punishment the unfaithful ones (Ezek. 33:7, 8).”^[2]

The watching and persevering of v 16 reemphasize the same point. Paul is not urging self-examination but constant alertness, both in life and doctrine. The two things belong together. Right doctrine without a godly life is of no value; while a godly life without right doctrine is not possible. Paul was aware of the danger of neglecting his own salvation (cf. 1 Cor. 9:27). If the minister does not take care to persevere, others are unlikely to be influenced by him.^[3]

Why are believers in Christ to carefully watch over and guard biblical doctrine and their personal lives? It is because people are watching how you live in light of what you teach and say you believe. How you act says more about what you truly believe than what you say. Any moral failure can seriously damage people’s faith in Christ and trust in pastoral leadership.

I encourage you to meditate today on the following Scripture references.

Proverbs 4:23–27 (ESV) – “²³ Keep your heart with all vigilance, for from it flow the springs of life. ²⁴ Put away from you crooked speech, and put devious talk far from you. ²⁵ Let your eyes look directly forward, and your gaze be straight before you. ²⁶ Ponder the path of your feet; then all your ways will be sure. ²⁷ Do not swerve to the right or to the left; turn your foot away from evil. “

1 Corinthians 9:24–27 (ESV) – “²⁴ Do you not know that in a race all the runners run, but only one receives the prize? So run that you may obtain it. ²⁵ Every athlete exercises self-control in all things. They do it to receive a perishable wreath, but we an imperishable. ²⁶ So I do not run aimlessly; I do not box as one beating the air. ²⁷ But I discipline my body and keep it under control, lest after preaching to others I myself should be disqualified.”

2 Timothy 4:6–8 (ESV) – “⁶ For I am already being poured out as a drink offering, and the time of my departure has come. ⁷ I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. ⁸ Henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will award to me on that day, and not only to me but also to all who have loved his appearing.”  

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 160.

^[2] Ibid., 160.

^[3] Donald Guthrie, “1 Timothy,” in New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition, ed. D. A. Carson et al., 4th ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994), 1301.

“Practice these things, immerse yourself in them, so that all may see your progress.” (1 Timothy 4:15 (ESV)

There is a common phrase I particularly heard from my parents when I was growing up and learning to play the clarinet; “practice makes perfect.” It means people become better at something if they do it often.

What applies to the playing of an instrument also relates to playing a sport, learning to drive a motor vehicle, doing a job, cooking, and raising children. The more you do something the better, skilled and confident you become. This also pertains to the craft of writing. “If you want to be a good writer, you should write every day. Remember, practice makes perfect.”

What is the ultimate goal in practice? It is not about mindless repetition for repetition’s sake. It is about achieving an excellence in whatever goal is pursued: whether it is playing a piece of music, completing an assigned task at work, driving, competing, or raising children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord (Eph. 6:4).

While none of us will achieve perfection in a specific discipline or craft, we can increasingly master a task and skill. This will require discipline, a teachable and humble spirit knowing we always have something more to learn. So, this common adage also applies in ministry and the teaching of God’s Word.

The Apostle Paul understood this concept or practicing. He wanted Timothy to understand it also. Being a pastor and preacher is not solely about being on a sanctuary platform and preaching well. Now, all pastors who preach want to excel at preaching. To do so requires discipline, a humble and teachable spirit, and the understanding there is always more to learn.

However, as we have learned from this epistle, being a faithful minister requires discipline, humility and a teachable spirit in the various other tasks facing a pastor. The words in today’s featured biblical text cannot be separated from the preceding fourteen verses or the three previous chapters.

Paul explained to Timothy, ““Practice these things” (ταῦτα μελέτα; tauta meleta). The phrase is a present, active imperative verb. Within the context, it means to continuously, actively and obediently continue thinking and doing what God commands.

Fulfilling this command would take total dedication. Paul stressed this when writing “immerse yourself in them” (ἴσθι; isthi). This too is a present, active, imperative verb. It literally means “to be in.” It is “to continue to perform certain activities with care and concern.”^[1] In other words, to not just go through the motions.

When a pastor obediently dedicates himself in this manner to God’s calling, the ultimate goals is to glorify the Lord (Rom. 11:33-36; I Cor. 10:31; I Peter 4:10-11). However, an immediate goal must also be considered. Paul wrote, “so that all may see your progress.” Progress (προκοπὴ; prokope) means advancement. It is change for the better.

“Progress” (v. 15) was the standard philosophical way to describe a disciple’s advancement in moral philosophy and was naturally applied to advancement in Jewish (Gal 1:14) and Christian (Phil 1:25) truth as well. It is clear that Timothy’s attention to his teaching is critical: his teaching would affect the salvation of his hearers (v. 16; cf. 2 Tim 3:15).”^[2]

“Here is the positive side of Paul’s negative (“do not neglect.…”) exhortation of verse 14. The command be diligent (meleta, from meletaō, “give careful thought to”) is the converse of the command in the previous verse (amelei, from ameleō, “give no thought to”). Timothy was to give his careful attention to Paul’s instructions; indeed, he was, literally, “to be in them” (or, with the niv, to give himself wholly to them). As he would do so his progress would be evident to all observers and his problem of low credibility, implied throughout this section, would be alleviated.” ^[3]

“Over against “Do not grow careless,” Paul places, “Let these things be your constant care” (cf. verses 14 and 15). By the expression “these things” he is thinking of the entire contents of chapter 4 (that defection is on the way, against which Timothy must warn others; that even now there are those who would substitute profane myths for the true gospel; that Timothy must be nourished on the words of the faith, and must train himself for godly living; that he must so conduct himself that no one will despise his youth; that he must not neglect but must exercise and cultivate his special gift; etc.).”^[4]

“In these things be (absorbed). “Be in them,” says the apostle, as if to say, “Be in them with your whole heart, with all your soul; be completely wrapped up in them.” The contemplated result will be so that your progress may be evident to everyone. We accept the usual interpretation of these words to be the correct and natural one, namely, that if Timothy will devote himself completely to his task, as indicated, all (especially those in the church, but to some extent even outsiders who come into close contact with believers) will take note of his spiritual and professional advancement, to the glory of God. Cf. Phil. 1:12, 25.”^[5]

Pray for your pastor and ministry staff. Pray for their progress and advancement in their tasks and personal growth in Christ. Pray for yourself that others would see your progress in Christ and be encouraged. After all, practice makes perfect.

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 655.

^[2] Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 1 Ti 4:15–16.

^[3] A. Duane Litfin, “1 Timothy,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 741.

^[4] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 160.

^[5] Ibid., 160.

“Do not neglect the gift you have, which was given you by prophecy when the council of elders laid their hands on you.” (1 Timothy 4:14 (ESV)

One of the ministries the Holy Spirit conducts in the church today is the giving of spiritual gifts to believers in Christ. A spiritual gift is a God-given ability for service. While the Fruit of the Spirit focuses on the character of the Christian (Gal. 5:16-23), spiritual gifts focus on the work done by the Christian of godly character. The Holy Spirit distributes spiritual gifts as He wills (I Cor. 12:11). The Scriptures also teach that no one has all the spiritual gifts (I Cor. 12:12-31).  

Each and every believer in Christ possesses a spiritual gift. In fact, many posses more than one God-given ability to serve. 1 Peter 4:10–11 (ESV) says, “¹⁰ As each has received a gift, use it to serve one another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace: ¹¹ whoever speaks, as one who speaks oracles of God; whoever serves, as one who serves by the strength that God supplies—in order that in everything God may be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.”

Early in his first letter to Timothy, the Apostle Paul acknowledged Timothy’s possession of a spiritual gift (I Tim. 1:18). Timothy was to then use this spiritual gift to wage the good warfare with perseverance and integrity (I Tim 1:19). In today’s featured text, the apostle commands his young protégé to do something else with his spiritual gift; “Do not neglect the gift you have.”

Timothy’s spiritual gift was given to him by prophecy. The verbal phrase was given (ἐδόθη; edothe) is an aorist, passive, indicative verb. God gave Timothy his spiritual gift as a particular point in past time. Timothy was a passive recipient of this gift, while God the Holy Spirit was the active giver.

The phrase by prophecy (διὰ προφητείας; dia propheteias) refers to the means of an inspired utterance God gave the elders of the church who laid their hands on this young pastor. The council of elders (πρεσβυτερίου; presbyteriaou) is a group of Christian elders.

“Oracular utterances had long been used to attest the divine rights of kings and other officials, and Paul’s mentioning of prophecies about Timothy’s gift (probably teaching—4:13) at his ordination could help quiet the opposition (see 1:18). The approval of the “presbytery” (KJV, NASB) or “body of elders” (NIV) also could silence criticisms about his youth (4:12). Mature Jewish teachers ordained other Jewish teachers through laying hands on them; this practice served as official accreditation.”^[1]

Dr. William Hendriksen writes, “In all probability this refers to what had happened at Lystra on Paul’s second missionary journey. It was then that Timothy by the operation of the Holy Spirit had been amply endowed with this gift. Of this and of the character of his task he had been made aware through (διά) prophetic utterance of inspired bystanders. Moreover, all this was in association with (or accompanied by: μετά) the imposition of the hands of the presbytery (used elsewhere to indicate the Sanhedrin—Luke 22:66; Acts 22:5—, but here for the college of elders or, in that sense, the consistory of the church).^[2]

“Paul’s own hands had also rested upon him (2 Tim. 1:6). This imposition of hands symbolizes the transfer of a gift from the Giver to the recipient. In the present instance it signifies that gracious act of the Holy Spirit whereby he confers his special favor upon Timothy, enabling him to carry out the duties of his important office as apostolic representative (cf. also Acts 6:6; 8:17; 13:3, 4).”^[3]

I have witnessed several ordinations of men God called into pastoral ministry. I remember my own ordination in April, 1983. It was challenging, joyous and solemn time of acknowledging God’s hand upon me and His work He would do in and through me. The resolve for me and my wife was to go where the Lord wanted us to go and to do what he wanted us to do for His glory. That holy resolve remains to this day.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 1 Ti 4:14.

^[2] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 159.

^[3] Ibid., 159–160.

“Do not neglect the gift you have, which was given you by prophecy when the council of elders laid their hands on you.” (1 Timothy 4:14 (ESV)

One of the ministries the Holy Spirit conducts in the church today is the giving of spiritual gifts to believers in Christ. A spiritual gift is a God-given ability for service. While the Fruit of the Spirit focuses on the character of the Christian (Gal. 5:16-23), spiritual gifts focus on the work done by the Christian of godly character. The Holy Spirit distributes spiritual gifts as He wills (I Cor. 12:11). The Scriptures also teach that no one has all the spiritual gifts (I Cor. 12:12-31).  

Each and every believer in Christ possesses a spiritual gift. In fact, many posses more than one God-given ability to serve. 1 Peter 4:10–11 (ESV) says, “¹⁰ As each has received a gift, use it to serve one another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace: ¹¹ whoever speaks, as one who speaks oracles of God; whoever serves, as one who serves by the strength that God supplies—in order that in everything God may be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.”

Early in his first letter to Timothy, the Apostle Paul acknowledged Timothy’s possession of a spiritual gift (I Tim. 1:18). Timothy was to then use this spiritual gift to wage the good warfare with perseverance and integrity (I Tim 1:19). In today’s featured text, the apostle commands his young protégé to do something else with his spiritual gift; “Do not neglect the gift you have.”

Do not neglect (ἀμέλει; amelei) is a present, active, imperative verb. Timothy is to “not” presently, actively, and obediently disregard, be careless, or unconcerned about something. That something is for him to never disregard, be careless, or unconcerned about his God-given spiritual gift for service. Gift (χαρίσματος; charismatos) comes from the root word charisma or Charis. The English word grace comes from this Greek noun. Therefore, Timothy’s spiritual gift is a gracious gift from God. It is a personal gift he possesses. It is a personal and possessive gift God the Holy Spirit gave him (I Cor. 12:11). Such is the case for every believer in Jesus Christ.

1 Peter 4:10–11 (ESV) says, “¹⁰ As each has received a gift, use it to serve one another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace: ¹¹ whoever speaks, as one who speaks oracles of God; whoever serves, as one who serves by the strength that God supplies—in order that in everything God may be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.”

“We are to reflect God’s grace by serving one another with the gifts that He has given to us. Serving is a matter of stewardship. God has gifted some to speak the Word of God. He has gifted others to serve. The gifts that He has given are not limited to just these two. There are many different gifts (see Rom. 12:3–8; 1 Cor. 12; Eph. 4:1–16). As God’s people use their gifts, they reflect His creativity as well as His grace,” explains Christian author Sarah Ivill.

“Regardless of what gifts we’ve received, we’re often tempted to think that we can’t accomplish the opportunities to use our gifts that God sets before us. It’s impor­tant, then, to remember that God will supply us with the strength to use them. In this way, God is glorified through Jesus Christ in everything that we do. It’s also a temptation at times to glory in our gifts or relish the praise that we receive from others. But remember, the glory and dominion belong not to us but to God. From beginning to end, He alone is worthy of praise. He has given us the gift, supplied the strength to use the gift, and accomplished the outcome that results from the gift’s being used.”

“Timothy had been specially gifted for his task. Hence, Paul continues, Do not grow careless about the gift that is in you. That gift of discernment between the true and the false, and consequently of being able to exhort, teach, and guide, Timothy must employ to the best advantage. He must make use of it when he himself administers the Word and he must also exercise it when he tells others how to preach. He must never grow careless about it or neglect it. It is a precious charisma, that is, a special gift of God’s grace bestowed upon him by the Holy Spirit.^[1]

What is, or are, your spiritual God-given abilities to serve Him? Do not regard them as unimportant or unnecessary for service in the church. God has uniquely equipped you. Use this equipment for Hisa honor and glory.

May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day of God-equipped service.  

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 159.

“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.” (Genesis 1:1 ESV)

From the starting point of Genesis 1:1, the Scriptures articulate a wealth of additional information and revelation concerning God.

God is spirit (John 4:24; 2Co 3:17). He is declared to be light (Isaiah 60:1-19; James 1:17; 1 John 1:5), love (1John 4:7-11,16),  invisible (Job 23:8,9; John 1:18; 5:37; Colossians 1:15; 1Timothy 1:17), unsearchable (Job 11:7; 37:23; Psalm 145:3; Isaiah 40:28; Romans 11:33), incorruptible (Romans 1:23),  eternal (Deuteronomy 33:27; Psalm 90:2; Revelation 4:8-10) and immortal (1Timothy 1:17; 6:16). 

God is omnipotent (Genesis 17:1; Exodus 6:1-3), omniscient (Psalm 139:1-6; Proverbs 5:21), omnipresent (Psalm 139:7; Jeremiah 23:23) and immutable (Psalm 102:26-27; James 1:17). He is the only-wise God (Romans 16:27; 1Timothy 1:17), who is glorious (Exodus 15:11; Psalm 145:5), and the Most High (Psalm 83:18; Acts 7:48).

God is perfect (Matthew 5:48), Holy (Psalm 99:9; Isaiah 5:16; 6:1-7), just (Deuteronomy 32:4; Isaiah 45:21), true (Jeremiah 10:10; John 17:3) and upright (Psalm 25:8; 92:15). He is also righteous (Ezra 9:15; Psalm 145:17) good (Psalm 25:8; 119:68), great (2 Chronicles 2:5; Psalm 86:10), gracious (Exodus 34:6; Psalm 116:5), faithful (Corinthians 10:13; 1Peter 4:19), merciful (Exodus 34:6-7; Psalm 86:5; 103:8-17) and long-suffering (Numbers 14:18; Micah 7:1).

Additionally, God is a jealous God (Joshua 24:19; Nahum 1:2), but also compassionate (2 Kings 13:23). The Scriptures describe Him as a consuming fire (Hebrews 12:29). There is none beside him (Deuteronomy 4:35; Isaiah 44:6), none before him (Isaiah 43:10), none like him (Exodus 9:14; Deuteronomy 33:26; 2 Samuel 7:22; Isaiah 46:5-9; Jeremiah 10:6) and none good but him (Matthew 19:17). He fills heaven and earth (1Kings 8:27; Jeremiah 23:24) and should alone be worshipped in spirit and in truth (John 4:24).

What is more is that God is self-existent (Exodus 3:1-4), self-sufficient (Psalm 50:11-12) and infinite (I Kings 8:22-27; Jeremiah 23:24). God is wise (Proverbs 3:19; I Timothy 1:17). He is also sovereign (Isaiah 46:1-11).

With assistance by the Holy Spirit, believers in Christ understand that God is incomprehensible (Job 11:17-19; Romans 11:33; I Corinthians 1:18-2:16). He is also faithful (Deuteronomy 7:1-9; Psalm 89:1-2), good (Psalm 107:8) and gracious (Psalm 1114; I Peter 5:10). He is One in essence (Deuteronomy 6:1-5; Isaiah 44:6-8) but also subsists as three persons (Matthew 29:19-20; 2 Corinthians 13:14).

Pastor Richard D. Phillips explains, “The Bible opens by saying, “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.” The purpose of the creation account was not to answer twenty-first century scientific skeptics, but to teach the people of Israel about their God. The God who had delivered Israel in the exodus, who now revealed Himself through the pen of Moses, is the true God and Maker of everything that is. God is the source of all things; in the beginning He already is, and, by His Word, the very universe was made.”

May we worship the One, True God in spirit and in truth (John 4:24). Have a blessed day in the LORD.

Soli deo Gloria!

^“Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhortation, to teaching.” (1 Timothy 4:13 (ESV)

The Apostle Paul wanted his young protégé Timothy to know he was coming to visit him in Ephesus.  The phrase until I come (ἔρχομαι; erchomai) is a present, middle, indicative verb. Paul said he would personally arrive in the city and visit the church and its young pastor.

“Until I come” is the correct translation, and harmonizes with 3:14 (“hoping to come to you shortly”). The idea is, “If and when I return, I will give you new instructions.” Perhaps Paul had in mind some other mission on which Timothy could then be sent,” explains Dr. William Hendriksen.^[1]

“During the apostle’s absence, then, his representative is given instructions about his duty with respect to public worship in the entire district. He must see to it that in all the churches of Ephesus and surroundings three elements receive due prominence.”^[2]

What are these three elements Paul mentioned to Timothy? They were to devote himself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhortation, and to teaching the Word of God.

First, devote yourself (πρόσεχε; proseche) is a present, active imperative verb. Timothy must continuously, actively and obediently apply himself to a certain action or behavior. The Greek text literally says to public reading (ἀναγνώσει; anagnosei). This refers to reading something out loud. The implicit idea is for Timothy to publicly read aloud the Scriptures. When the church gathers to worship.

“The public reading of Scripture (just as in the synagogue, Luke 4:16; Acts 13:15; 2 Cor. 3:14; but now not only the reading of law and prophets, but in addition portions of the growing New Testament, Col. 4:16; 1 Thess. 5:27; Rev. 1:3).^[3]

Second, to exhortation. Exhortation (παρακλήσει; paraklesei) means encouragement, comfort and consolation. While this may be done with words, within the context Timothy is to encourage people from the Scriptures regarding doctrine and Christian living.

Third, to teaching. Teaching (διδασκαλίᾳ; didaskalia) refers to biblical instruction and the teaching of doctrine. This must be done in both formal, and informal, settings.

“It does make a difference what one believes! The attitude of heart is not everything. There are certain facts with respect to doctrine and morals which must be taught, and which one must accept and embrace, so that one’s life is founded upon them. So much is clear: if there be no pulpit-reading, exhorting, and teaching, divine worship is a misnomer. In the early church, when very few individuals owned private copies of the sacred writings, and all such material had to be copied by hand, one can imagine how important was the public reading of Scripture. But even today the careful selection, and clear and interpretive reading of an appropriate portion of Holy Writ is “the most important part of public worship.” And even today if the choir takes so much time that little is left for exhorting and teaching, something is wrong. Timothy, then, must continue to devote his attention to these important matters.”^[4]

Are the worship services in your local church including the reading of Scripture, exhortation and biblical teaching? May the Lord’s truth and grace be found here. Have a blessed day in the Lord.

Soli deo Gloria!

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^[1] William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles, vol. 4, New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 158.

^[2] Ibid., 158.

^[3] Ibid., 158.

^[4] Ibid., 159.